Keywords

Keywords are words with a predefined meaning in Cypher®.

Keywords are not recommended to be used as identifiers in the following contexts:

  • Variables

  • Labels

  • Relationship types

  • Function names

  • Procedure names

If a snippet of Cypher can both be a keyword and an unquoted identifier, it is interpreted as a keyword.

For instance in the following, true could be the variable true or the Boolean literal value true. Since true is a keyword, the query returns a single Boolean true value.

Query
WITH 123 AS true
RETURN true AS x
Table 1. Result
x

true

Rows: 1

If any keyword is quoted in backticks (`), such as `true`, it is always interpreted as an identifier in the given context.

Query
WITH 123 AS true
RETURN `true` AS x
Table 2. Result
x

123

Rows: 1

List of keywords

The following lists all keywords in Cypher.

Note that with future functionality, Cypher may be extended with additional keywords.

A

  • ACCESS

  • ACTIVE

  • ADMIN

  • ADMINISTRATOR

  • ALIAS

  • ALIASES

  • ALL

  • ALL_SHORTEST_PATHS

  • ALTER

  • AND

  • ANY

  • ARRAY

  • AS

  • ASC

  • ASCENDING

  • ASSIGN

  • AT

  • AUTH

B

  • BINDINGS

  • BOOL

  • BOOLEAN

  • BOOSTED

  • BOTH

  • BREAK

  • BUILT

  • BY

C

  • CALL

  • CASCADE

  • CASE

  • CHANGE

  • CIDR

  • COLLECT

  • COMMAND

  • COMMANDS

  • COMPOSITE

  • CONCURRENT

  • CONSTRAINT

  • CONSTRAINTS

  • CONTAINS

  • CONTINUE

  • COPY

  • COUNT

  • CREATE

  • CSV

  • CURRENT

D

  • DATA

  • DATABASE

  • DATABASES

  • DATE

  • DATETIME

  • DBMS

  • DEALLOCATE

  • DEFAULT

  • DEFINED

  • DELETE

  • DENY

  • DESC

  • DESCENDING

  • DESTROY

  • DETACH

  • DIFFERENT

  • DISTINCT

  • DRIVER

  • DROP

  • DRYRUN

  • DUMP

  • DURATION

E

  • EACH

  • EDGE

  • ELEMENT

  • ELEMENTS

  • ELSE

  • ENABLE

  • ENCRYPTED

  • END

  • ENDS

  • ERROR

  • EXECUTABLE

  • EXECUTE

  • EXIST

  • EXISTENCE

  • EXISTS

F

  • FAIL

  • false

  • FIELDTERMINATOR

  • FINISH

  • FILTER

  • FLOAT

  • FOR

  • FOREACH

  • FROM

  • FULLTEXT

  • FUNCTION

  • FUNCTIONS

G, H

  • GRANT

  • GRAPH

  • GRAPHS

  • GROUP

  • GROUPS

  • HEADERS

  • HOME

I

  • ID

  • IF

  • IMMUTABLE

  • IMPERSONATE

  • IN

  • INDEX

  • INDEXES

  • INF

  • INFINITY

  • INSERT

  • INT

  • INTEGER

  • IS

J, K, L, M

  • JOIN

  • KEY

  • LABEL

  • LABELS

  • LEADING

  • LET

  • LIMITROWS

  • LIST

  • LOAD

  • LOCAL

  • LOOKUP

  • MANAGEMENT

  • MAP

  • MATCH

  • MERGE

N

  • NAME

  • NAMES

  • NAN

  • NEW

  • NEXT

  • NFC

  • NFD

  • NFKC

  • NFKD

  • NODE

  • NODES

  • NODETACH

  • NONE

  • NORMALIZE

  • NORMALIZED

  • NOT

  • NOTHING

  • NOWAIT

  • null

O

  • OF

  • OFFSET

  • ON

  • ONLY

  • OPTION

  • OPTIONAL

  • OPTIONS

  • OR

  • ORDER

P

  • PASSWORD

  • PASSWORDS

  • PATH

  • PATHS

  • PLAINTEXT

  • POINT

  • POPULATED

  • PRIMARIES

  • PRIMARY

  • PRIVILEGE

  • PRIVILEGES

  • PROCEDURE

  • PROCEDURES

  • PROPERTIES

  • PROPERTY

  • PROVIDER

  • PROVIDERS

R

  • RANGE

  • READ

  • REALLOCATE

  • REDUCE

  • REL

  • RELATIONSHIP

  • RELATIONSHIPS

  • REMOVE

  • RENAME

  • REPEATABLE

  • REPLACE

  • REPORT

  • REQUIRE

  • REQUIRED

  • RESTRICT

  • RETURN

  • REVOKE

  • ROLE

  • ROLES

  • ROW

  • ROWS

S

  • SCAN

  • SEC

  • SECOND

  • SECONDARIES

  • SECONDARY

  • SECONDS

  • SEEK

  • SERVER

  • SERVERS

  • SET

  • SETTING

  • SETTINGS

  • SHORTEST

  • SHORTEST_PATH

  • SHOW

  • SIGNED

  • SINGLE

  • SKIPROWS

  • START

  • STARTS

  • STATUS

  • STOP

  • STRING

  • SUPPORTED

  • SUSPENDED

T

  • TARGET

  • TERMINATE

  • TEXT

  • THEN

  • TIME

  • TIMESTAMP

  • TIMEZONE

  • TO

  • TOPOLOGY

  • TRAILING

  • TRANSACTION

  • TRANSACTIONS

  • TRAVERSE

  • TRIM

  • true

  • TYPE

  • TYPED

  • TYPES

U

  • UNION

  • UNIQUE

  • UNIQUENESS

  • UNWIND

  • URL

  • USE

  • USER

  • USERS

  • USING

V, W, X, Y, Z

  • VALUE

  • VARCHAR

  • VECTOR

  • VERTEX

  • WAIT

  • WHEN

  • WHERE

  • WITH

  • WITHOUT

  • WRITE

  • XOR

  • YIELD

  • ZONE

  • ZONED